When using the MSXML2 library, you typically load XML files from disk into a DOM (Document Object Model) object by creating an instance of IXMLDOMDocument and calling its load function—where you pass a BSTR representation of the file name. However, I had a situation recently where, due to security concerns, I needed to first decrypt the XML data in memory and then load that memory—without writing it to disk—into a DOM object. Surprisingly, I wasn’t able to find any open source examples of how to do this so I wrote a couple of helper functions to accomplish the task. Hopefully, these functions will help others that run into a similar situation.
Since Bruce Schneier introduced the Blowfish encryption algorithm in 1993, its had many implementations. I’ve personally found George Anescu’s work to be especially easy to use in scenarios where I’ve needed fast and reliable means of encrypting and decrypting data. Therefore, my functions work with data that is encrypted using his CBlowFish class.
The first thing I learned when searching for a solution is that the IXMLDOMDocument object supports a function called loadXML, which takes a BSTR value representing the XML to parse. Since I like to keep the client side as easy and clean as possible, I wanted the client to call a single function that would pretty much do everything. As a result, I created the DecryptFile2Bstr function, which takes an input file name and password (both char pointers) and returns a BSTR that can then be used with the IXMLDOMDocument::loadXML function:
BSTR DecryptFile2Bstr(char* inputFileName, char* password){ try { int requiredFileSize; CBlowFish oBlowFish((unsigned char*)password, sizeof(password)); char *buffer = GetFormattedFileContent( inputFileName, requiredFileSize ); oBlowFish.Decrypt((unsigned char *)buffer, requiredFileSize); return _com_util::ConvertStringToBSTR(buffer); } catch ( char *ex ) { throw ex; }}
As you can see, the DecryptFile2Bstr function instantiates a CBlowFish object and then calls another helper function I wrote, GetFormattedFileContent, before invoking the CBlowFish::Decrypt function. As the data used by both the GetFormattedFileContent and CBlowFish::Decrypt functions is in the form of a char buffer, the DecryptFile2Bstr function calls the standard COM utility function ConvertStringToBSTR before returning to the caller.
The Blowfish algorithm is based on eight-byte blocks, so the GetFormattedFileContent function reads the data into memory accordingly. Note the padding at the end of the function to accommodate this rule:
char* GetFormattedFileContent(char *filePath, int &requiredFileSize){ FILE *fp = fopen(filePath, "r+b"); int fileSize = FileSize(fp); int index = fileSize; if ( (fileSize % 8) != 0 ) requiredFileSize = ((fileSize / 8) + 1) * 8; else requiredFileSize = fileSize; char *buffer = new char[requiredFileSize + 1]; fread(buffer, sizeof(char), fileSize, fp); buffer[fileSize] = 0; fclose(fp); while (index < requiredFileSize) buffer[index++] = 0; return buffer;}int FileSize(FILE *fp){ char buffer[1]; int count = 0; fseek(fp, 0, SEEK_SET); while (fread(buffer, sizeof(buffer), 1, fp) != 0) count++; fseek(fp, 0, SEEK_SET); return count;}
Using the DecryptFile2Bstr Function
Assuming your data has been encrypted using the CBlowFish class, you can load it into an XML DOM object with two lines of code:
#import <msxml4.dll> named_guidsusing namespace MSXML2;...::CoInitialize(NULL);MSXML2::IXMLDOMDocumentPtr plDomDocument;HRESULT hr = plDomDocument.CreateInstance(MSXML2::CLSID_DOMDocument);if (SUCCEEDED(hr)){ // load the file as an XML document BSTR xmlfile = DecryptFile2Bstr(L"MyFile.xml", DEFS_ENC_PASSWORD); variant_t vResult = plDomDocument->loadXML(xmlfile); ...
Looking Ahead
Combining the MSMXL2 IXMLDOMDocument::loadXML with my helper functions, I was able to read the client's sensitive data into memory and decrypt it without first having to decrypt it to disk. I've also extended these functions to include other helper functions that perform such tasks as decrypting a file with CBlowFish-encrypted data to a specified file (DecryptFile2File) and encrypting plain ASCII data to a CBlowFish-encrypted file (EncryptFile2File). If you have any need or interest in these functions, email me and I'll also post them for public use.
Download the Code
To download the accompanying source code for the example, click here.
About the Author
Tom Archer owns his own training company, Archer Consulting Group, which specializes in educating and mentoring .NET programmers and providing project management consulting. If you would like to find out how the Archer Consulting Group can help you reduce development costs, get your software to market faster, and increase product revenue, contact Tom through his Web site.
